The misdistributed minor term occurs when the minor term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the minor premise. This is the illicit process of the minor term.
Example
“All dogs are mammals.
All mammals are animals.
Therefore, all animals are dogs.”
(The conclusion distributes the minor term improperly.)
Applied example (political)
“All deputies are politicians. All politicians are officials. Therefore all officials are deputies.” (The minor term is universalized without basis.)
Applied example (mystical)
“All masters are guides. All guides are people. Therefore all people are masters.” (The minor term is improperly distributed.)
Why it is fallacious
- It extends the minor term without support.
- The conclusion is broader than the premises.
- It violates the distribution rule.
How to spot it
- The subject of the conclusion becomes universal without basis.
- The minor premise did not distribute that term.
- The conclusion feels exaggerated.
How to respond
- Point out the improper distribution.
- Propose a narrower conclusion.
- Ask for additional evidence if universalization is intended.